Perilaku Pencegahan dan Praktik Perawatan Tradisional pada Penyintas Demam Berdarah Dengue: Studi Fenomenologi di Desa Lumbi-Lumbia

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Prevention Behaviors and Traditional Care Practices among Survivors: A Phenomenological Study in Lumbi-Lumbia Village

Abstract

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena penularannya dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan vektor, kondisi lingkungan, dan perilaku pencegahan di tingkat rumah tangga. Pengalaman seseorang setelah menderita DBD dapat membentuk cara pandang, kewaspadaan, dan praktik pencegahan di keluarga maupun komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pengalaman dan perilaku pencegahan DBD pada penyintas DBD di Desa Lumbi-Lumbia, Kecamatan Buko, Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan. Penelitian menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan penelitian adalah penyintas DBD yang dipilih secara purposive berdasarkan kriteria pernah menderita DBD, telah sembuh, berdomisili di Desa Lumbi-Lumbia, dan bersedia menjadi informan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan analisis tematik fenomenologis melalui transkripsi, pembacaan berulang, pengodean, pengelompokan kategori, dan perumusan tema. Kredibilitas data diperkuat melalui triangulasi sumber/metode, member checking, dan diskusi sejawat. Hasil: Ditemukan lima tema utama, yaitu: (1) kebersihan rumah dan pengendalian sarang nyamuk; (2) perlindungan diri dari gigitan nyamuk melalui obat nyamuk dan kelambu; (3) pemenuhan nutrisi, cairan, dan imunitas tubuh; (4) pengalaman sakit dan trauma sebagai pendorong perubahan perilaku; serta (5) praktik perawatan tradisional yang diyakini masyarakat. Kesimpulan: Perilaku pencegahan DBD pada penyintas tidak hanya berupa tindakan teknis 3M Plus, tetapi juga terbentuk dari pengalaman sakit, rasa rentan, dukungan keluarga, dan praktik lokal yang hidup di masyarakat. Edukasi pencegahan DBD perlu dilakukan secara berulang, kontekstual, dan tetap menekankan akses pada pelayanan kesehatan formal.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a public health problem because its transmission is influenced by the presence of vectors, environmental conditions, and preventive behavior at the household level. A person's experience after suffering from DHF can shape perspectives, awareness, and preventive practices in families and communities. This study aims to explore the experiences and behaviors of DHF prevention in DHF survivors in Lumbi-Lumbia Village, Buko District, Banggai Islands Regency. The study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Research informants were DHF survivors who were selected purposively based on the criteria of having suffered from DHF, having recovered, residing in Lumbi-Lumbia Village, and being willing to be informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Analysis was carried out using phenomenological thematic analysis through transcription, repeated reading, coding, category grouping, and theme formulation. Data credibility was strengthened through source/method triangulation, member checking, and peer discussion. Results: Five main themes were found, namely: (1) home cleanliness and mosquito nest control; (2) self-protection from mosquito bites through mosquito repellent and mosquito nets; (3) meeting nutritional, fluid, and immune needs; (4) experiences of illness and trauma as drivers of behavioral change; and (5) traditional care practices believed in by the community. Conclusion: Dengue fever prevention behavior in survivors is not only the technical 3M Plus measures, but is also formed from experiences of illness, feelings of vulnerability, family support, and local practices that exist in the community. Dengue fever prevention education needs to be carried out repeatedly, contextually, and continue to emphasize access to formal health services.