Profil Status Gizi dan Komorbiditas Pasien Rawat Inap dengan Diagnosis Gagal Jantung Kongestif di RSUD Luwuk

Nutritional Status and Comorbidity Profiles among Hospitalized Patients with Congestive Heart Failure at Luwuk Regional Hospital

Abstract

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) merupakan penyakit kronis dengan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi serta sering disertai gangguan nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan status gizi dan profil komorbiditas medis pada pasien CHF rawat inap di RSUD Luwuk. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis periode Januari–Mei 2025. Menggunakan teknik total sampling, diperoleh sampel akhir sebanyak 181 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif berupa distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan profil komorbiditas pasien proporsi tertinggi adalah CHF dengan komplikasi lain (44,2%), diikuti CHF tanpa komplikasi (19,3%), CHF dengan diabetes melitus (17,7%), CHF dengan malnutrisi diagnosis dokter (14,4%), dan CHF dengan chronic kidney disease (4,4%). Berdasarkan karakteristik demografis, mayoritas pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki (54,7%) dan berusia ≥60 tahun (67%). Distribusi status gizi menunjukkan bahwa 26,5% pasien tergolong underweight, 39,8% memiliki status gizi normal, dan 33,7% tergolong overweight atau obesitas, hal ini mencerminkan adanya beban ganda malnutrisi pada populasi penelitian.  Simpulan Pasien rawat inap dengan CHF di RSUD Luwuk didominasi oleh laki-laki dan lansia, serta menghadapi beban ganda masalah gizi (underweight dan overweight/obesitas) disertai profil komorbiditas yang bervariasi. Temuan data dasar ini menegaskan pentingnya penguatan skrining gizi terstandar sejak awal pasien masuk rumah sakit.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality rates and is often accompanied by nutritional disorders. This study aims to describe the nutritional status and medical comorbidity profile of hospitalized CHF patients at Luwuk Regional General Hospital. This study used a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, utilizing secondary data from medical records for the period January–May 2025. Using a total sampling technique, a final sample of 181 patients who met the inclusion criteria was obtained. Data analysis used descriptive statistics in the form of frequency distributions and percentages. The results showed that the comorbidity profile of patients with the highest proportion was CHF with other complications (44.2%), followed by CHF without complications (19.3%), CHF with diabetes mellitus (17.7%), CHF with physician-diagnosed malnutrition (14.4%), and CHF with chronic kidney disease (4.4%). Based on demographic characteristics, the majority of patients were male (54.7%) and aged ≥60 years (67%). The distribution of nutritional status showed that 26.5% of patients were underweight, 39.8% had normal nutritional status, and 33.7% were overweight or obese, reflecting the presence of a double burden of malnutrition in the study population.  Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with CHF at Luwuk Regional General Hospital are predominantly male and elderly, and face a double burden of nutritional problems (underweight and overweight/obesity) accompanied by a varied comorbidity profile. These baseline findings emphasize the importance of strengthening standardized nutritional screening from the time patients are first admitted to the hospital.